My Ballet Career Profile - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 577 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/06/14 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? Ballet is an art most people are unaware of the difficulty and complexity of its routines. Moreso a form especially hard to teach to young children. But for the instructor Cathy McKay, it is her lasting legacy in life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Ballet Career Profile" essay for you Create order In the small town of Sulphur OK, a cozy dance studio, Cathy teaches her ballet classes several days of the week. The walls painted a pale yellow with black ballet barres bordering them. A single barre islanded in the middle. The south wall covered with several huge mirrors. Very good girls! Other side! Cathy exclaimed, wearing her usual black shirt and shorts, her fuzzy red hair in a messy bun. The young girls danced the combination, taking note of Cathys corrections. Cathy, who was approaching 70-years-old soon, pulled several students out. Remarking about their plie or Rond de Jambe before restarting the music. An hour and a half later I approached Ms. Cathy. I asked her to recall her childhood for me, and while sitting down, she told me about her family. My mother was an artist. she spoke; recalling that she was always drawing with her mother as a child. But her father, was an alcoholic. He wasnt a very hands on type of dad she said. Her father did not tell young Cathy that he ever loved her, or hugged her, until she was around 40-years-old. Around that time, Cathys older brother had been killed in a shipwreck serving in the Navy, and her entire family had wept. Yet Cathy, who recently became a Christian, faced his death. But now, her father was diagnosed with Lou Gehrigs disease and did not have much time left. Given the news of his disease, her Father accepted the Lord, and one day approached Cathy. Before he died, She spoke, he said, I love you; and Im proud of you. Cathy, began to tear up, but perked backup for me to continue. I then asked her about her ballet career. Her begin frustrations, and surprises about the art of ballet. As well as how she began. I actually was in college. she said with a smile. While in college Kathy had been painting and creating art. During which, a local dance instructor, loved one of her pieces. But as a college student she didnt have much cash to spare, so she then offered Cathy a deal. How about we trade? Her friend spoke about exchanging her art, for a summers worth of ballet classes. Cathy, who always wanted to take ballet since she was a child, wholeheartedly agreed. I was so excited when I began! Kathy remarked gleefully. Ever since then, Cathy has been dancing in countless ballets, theatre shows, and soon opened up her own ballet studio. With one more topic on my mind, I asked her a final question. For over 40-years Cathy has teaching, with thousands of students over the course of those years; and it all began with her love of dancing. But now, Cathy was going to retir e from ballet next year, and this was her final year teaching. I asked what she desired to leave behind for her students, from her lessons, but also from her life. Sitting at her desk filled with pictures of past and present students, she spoke to me with no hesitation. I want the legacy that I leave to be left in people like you [her students], and that I could introduce them into something they love [dance].

Philosophy Reflection - 1126 Words

For the past six weeks, I learned how philosophy has influenced the world globally. Learning how not only philosophy, but when human beings voice their thoughts with others, they receive a chance to change the world, even if one person speaks one on one, one person can change the world of one person. My belief in the power of language is strengthened by philosophy. This philosophy course has encouraged me to share my opinions that are not influenced by other peers or older adults, but to deeply reflect and research my beliefs and opinions. Looking at how philosophy has shaped United States, I am granted my gratitude towards the Constitution, and the democracy and freedom we now have, compared to other countries. My views of electronics†¦show more content†¦From my readings to research from Edutopia to literature courses, I have gained a deeper appreciation for language. In order to understand what one is speaking, a person needs to spend time listening to one’s language and before responding must reflect and analyze what the other said and how to respond. If a person wants to love another person they have to listen to their language in order to speak their language, and the core part of learning another language is by listening. According to Joan Blaska, author of The Power of Language: Speak and Write Using â€Å"Person First† the language people use shows one’s bias and prejudices. Beliefs and another’s performance fall under the influence of language. Blaska claimed â€Å" the degree to which children are able to perceive themselves as competent and worthy, or the opposite, is heavily influenced by the verbalizations used by their teachers...Studies have found that labeling of students does affect teacher expectations which in turn affects student progress†. People have heavy influence with their words, because of this, our language must be intentional in a way, that breaks down negative stereotypes and helps one gain empathy as well as seeing others capabilities. Communicating and reading others comments andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Philosophy Reflection Paper1203 Words   |  5 PagesFor the past six weeks, I learned how philosophy has influenced the world globally. Learning that when human beings voice their thoughts with others, they receive a chance to change the world, especially if one person speaks one on one, one personage can change the world of one body. My belief in the power of language is strengthened by philosophy. 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The paper will first give an overview of Confucius’ philosophy as it regards goodness to give context to the journey one must follow to achieve it. Then the paper will analyze the following passage in The Analects regarding the vigor and challenges of that journey: â€Å"The Master said, ‘[The task of self-cultivation]Read MoreReflection About Philosophy1030 Words   |  5 Pages Writing in and of itself is a form of art much like playing an instrument, the more you do it the better you will become. Thats at least what my very first writing teacher in school ever told me. I remember sitting down in my fifth grade classroom talking to my friends when our teacher Mrs. Johnson walked into the room and told us all what the class was about. And I truly believe that it was because of her and her teachings that I truly began to like writing. 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From my experiences, I have been able to determine that my teaching philosophy entails three tenets. Students should be ready for the world, no two learners are the same and a great teacher can inspire a student to do the impossibleRead MoreReflection Paper On Philosophy730 Words   |  3 PagesOver these past semester of college, my optimism regarding philosophy and taking a philosophy course has drastically grown. I have always been enthusiastic towards philosophy and willing to take the course; however, it never really occurred to me how influential philosophy actually is. As a result of taking a philosophy class, I have had a plethora of epiphanies and realizations about myself and have had the opportunity to develop my own opinions and philosophical beliefs. In this paper I am going

The Contribution to Economics of Each of the Following Free Essays

â€Å"Many Economists have tried to establish why the economy performs as it does and want to have a basis for predicting how the economy will perform when circumstances change†. (Nagel, S pg 1 1999) Economists are just people after all, who have lived through different times and experiences in their lives, thus leading to different values and views. George Bernard Shaw once said that â€Å"If all economists were laid end to end they would not reach a conclusion†,(cited in Mankin, Taylor 2006) In this essay we will look at what contributions each of the above economists have made, keeping in mind the era in which they lived . We will write a custom essay sample on The Contribution to Economics of Each of the Following or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reputed to be the father of â€Å"The Classical School† of economics, the Scottish born Adam Smith (1772-1790) was a supply side economist. â€Å"He attributed economic expansion to expanding production and trade with expanding demand as a by-product and consequence†(Jacobs, J 1985 p12) He promoted the invisible hand of free enterprise, which showed that individuals in pursuing their own selfish interest could benefit society. In other words, if people wish to sell, they must produce what others require at a price that they are prepared to pay. (Palmer. N, 1990). He also advocated the â€Å"Laissez-faire† approach, which means that the government should only get involved in the economy in order to raise monies for the upkeep of infrastructure, to sustain the legal system and to defend the country. In Smith’s book ‘An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations’ which was published in 1776, he covered the previous two concepts as well as the division of labour and the function of markets. Division of labour was not a new idea but Smith believed it to be very important as a way of increasing wealth. According to Delaney, Smith established the 4 canons of taxation. â€Å"Firstly, the tax levied on each person should be related to the person’s ability to pay. Secondly, the amount of tax which a person must pay should be certain and clear. Thirdly, the manner and timing of payment of taxes should have regard to the convenience of the tax payer. Finally, the cost of collection should be small relative to the yield†. (2008) Another belief of Smiths was the Labour Theory of Value, which means the value of a product is equal to the value of the labour involved in its production. Delaney. N 2008). Smith believed that there was a distinction between productive and non-productive labour. Teachers, engineers and people with similar professions were considered to be non-productive as they did not produce goods for resale or create funds for reinvestment. Smith also introduced the â€Å"value in use† and the â€Å"value in exchange† of a product (the paradox of value). Twenty years after Smiths death his writings and theories were embraced by the next generation of writers and economists who established Smith as the founder of economic science. It has been said that before Adam Smith there had been much economic discussion, but with him it reached the stage of discussing economics. (Palmer, N) The classical school of thought was later developed and refined by Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) and David Ricardo (1772-1823). Both were English born and were followers of Smith’s theories. Malthus is known for his famous â€Å"Essay on the Principles of Population as it affects the Future Improvements of Society† published in 1798. At this time in history the Industrial Revolution was taking place which meant more people were moving from rural areas into urban areas. Malthus saw many slums being created with food, water and sewage becoming a huge problem. In his essay, he laid out how the population would grow by a geometric progression, while food supply would only grow by an arithmetic progression. He identified that there should be a check on the growth of the population. These checks included positive checks which involved death through war and disease or preventative checks which meant people should have fewer children. He advocated the wages fund theory. The idea behind this theory was that payment to workers in excess of the subsistence level would lead to an increase in the size of the workers families thus causing the worker to be brought down to a subsidence level of existence. (Palmer) This idea dominated for over a century. It was very popular with employers as it allowed them to pay lower wages and to feel justified in doing so. He is linked with the theory of the â€Å"Paradox of Thrift† meaning that if people save consumption decreases, leading to over-production. To counteract this problem, he advised the government to spend monies on non-productive areas such as the building of parks in order to create the circulation of money and therefore stimulate demand. (Delaney) Malthusian theories are still relevant today in some areas of the LCD’s (lower developed countries) Like Malthus, Ricardo too accepted the wages theory and introduced the concept of â€Å"economic rent†. The idea behind this rent was â€Å"any payment to a factor of production above its supply price†(Delaney) For example during the Napoleonic wars, Europe turned to Britain for its food supply. This created huge demand and it became very profitable to produce food. In order to produce as much food as possible, landowners were now using less fertile land which had not been used before for food production. This increased the demand for land thus driving up the rent, especially the rent for the more fertile land. He thought that agriculture was very important and industry depended on it. Ricardo inspired by â€Å"Sutter’s† books developed the law of comparative advantage. This formed the basis of international trade. He believed in free international trade as it gets the maximum out of resources thus increasing income (Nagel) Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818. He expressed his revolutionary socialist ideas in his two main publications the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. Marx basic economic beliefs were very alike the Classical economists, in that he supported a labour theory of value but his approach was completely different. Marx wanted things to change in such a way that would help to improve working conditions for the working classes. He did not believe in the â€Å"invisible Hand† and was more concerned with change and evolution throughout society. He believed communism would replace capitalism and that workers would have full control over all means of production leading to a more even allocation of wealth. He believed that the value of a good was the value of the amount of labour necessary to produce it. Therefore the value of goods produced by the worker was more than the wages paid to the worker, the difference being a surplus or profit to the employer. Marx argued that this was exploitation of the workers by their capitalistic employers. Believing that the capitalists were profit hungry, Marx stated that the demand for labour would amplify which would in turn cause wages to rise. The rise in wages above subsistence level would lower the capitalist’s profits therefore causing them to look for ways in which to lower their wage costs. Many employers would start introducing new labour saving machines in order to save money. As the machines would replace labourers this would lead to a rise in unemployment thus leading to lack in demand for goods produced. As more workers became deskilled and redundant their bargaining power for better wages weakened leading to a two tiered society namely â€Å"the proletariat† (working classes) and â€Å"the capitalists† classes. Marx believed that the working classes would rise up and overthrow the capitalists’ regime. The workers would then be in control of the factors of production. He predicted the emergence of oligopolies and trade cycles. Marx died in London in 1883. The introduction of maths to illustrate economic theory or as it is better known now as econometrics was introduced by the English born Alfred Marshall (1842-1924). He introduced the law of diminishing marginal utility and coined the term elasticity to describe the response of demand to the small changes in price. He put forward the well-know scissors analogy, likening the demand and supply to the two blades of a scissors interdependent on each other. He pointed out that there was a difference between the long run and the short run for production purposes. Recognising that in the short run at least one factor of production would be fixed in contrast to the long run where all factors of production were changeable. Marshall came up with the concept of quasi rent, which was economic rent earned by labour in the short run and which disappeared in the long run by the increase in the supply of that labour. He believed in a free enterprise economy with some government intervention for example the introduction of government controls and consumer education. Marshall’s theories were hugely influential; in fact his book the Principles of economics (1890) was the main textbook for students of economics up to the great depression of the 1930’s. (Delaney) John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) was an Englishman who became one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. â€Å"His influence on economics was so great that the boom the Western industrial countries experienced between 1945 and 1975 has been termed the â€Å"Age of Keynes†. (123HelpMe. com) Keynesian theory advocated the exact opposite to the Classical â€Å"Laissez-faire† approach. According to Delaney,R 2008, Keynes was a demand side economist, who stressed that economies could be regulated by government fiscal policy. He believed that budgetary policy should be the main economic instrument used in the control of the economy. During the Great depression, Keynes became the life saver of the American economy. His main objective was to come up with a solution for the mass unemployment during this terrible time. In his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936), Keynes put forward that there could be equilibrium at less than full employment. He stressed that by increasing government expenditure in areas like public works, this could help increase total spending thereby helping to bring economic activity to the full employment level. (Palmer,N. 1990). Keynes also introduced the multiplier effect, which means the National Income would rise by some multiple of the initial injection of government expenditure. (Nagle, S 1999) Keynes developed the liquidity preference theory of interest rates and also explained that savings and investments were not always equal to each other. (Delaney, R 2008). Keynes theories are still relevant to this day. Milton Friedman was born in American in 1912. He tried to make economics more user friendly to the layperson. His theories were in direct opposition to Keynes. He wrote many books but his main publications were ‘Inflation, Causes and Consequences’ and ‘A Monetary History of the United States 1867-1960’. â€Å"His theories first attracted national attention in the 1970s, when the combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth — stagflation — undercut the dominant Keynesian policies of the post-war decades†. Friedman was a monetarist and he argued that monetary policy rather than fiscal policy should be the main tool used to control the economy. Monetarists believe that increases in the money supply results in an increase in prices rather than an increase in the level of output. They argue, like the classical approach, for no government intervention in the economy, that free-market forces should be relied on to bring the economy into equilibrium. He promoted privatisation of all government-owned or controlled businesses. Removal of inflation is a greater priority to the monetarists rather than the removal of unemployment. (Delaney) In 1976 Friedman won the 1976 Nobel Prize in economics. â€Å"An advocate of personal liberty, free markets, deregulation, and reduced government intervention in the economy, he has seen his ideas on issues as Social Security privatization, welfare reform, and school vouchers become part of national political debate†. How to cite The Contribution to Economics of Each of the Following, Essay examples

E-Commerce Advances in Marketing

Question: Internet marketing includes all the online activities a business conducts via the worldwide web with the aim of attracting new business, retaining current business and developing its brand identity with increased market share. As a newly appointed SEO Graduate at BP Global, you are required to investigate how Internet market segmentation can be used as a marketing approach to target potential customers. identify how the eight elements of the business model can be used as a promotional strategy to reinforce BP Brand within the Oil and Gas industry. Answer: Introduction The current oil and gas industry has become much volatile and considering the dynamic business environment. It is not only essential for todays oil and gas companies to focus on offering distinctive products and services to customers, but also to market their products in a unique manner. This report is mainly focussed at investigating the use of internet market segmentation as a marketing approach for BP Global for the purpose of targeting potential customers. In addition to this, the report also details out the use of eight elements of the business model as a promotional strategy for reinforcing the BP brand in the Oil and Gas industry. Findings and Analysis Use of Internet Market Segmentation as a Marketing Approach to Target Potential Customers Internet market segmentation is a perfect grouping of corporate or potential private consumers and it is basically a simple group of internet customers that a business target to attain its market goals. In other words, it is a process of dividing the whole market into different groups of people who have similar needs. In this regard, the fruitful market segmentation that BP Global can utilize may include geographic segmentation, demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and behavioural segmentation in which the location is of prime importance (Robinson, 2014). Hence, it is highly recommended that BP global should distribute its internet customers geographically with the main aim to target potential customers. Apart from this, demographic segmentation includes the variables like age, sex, gender occupation, education and many other aspects while psychographic segmentation is set of factors like similar attitudes, lifestyles and values. In addition to this, behavioural segmentation uses occasions and degree of loyalty (Charlesworth, 2014). The above segmentation market can help BP Global to divide its customers on the basis of age, similar attitudes, likes, dislikes and gender. This would help to target particular customers who are in need of such products and have the ability to enhance the market share of BP without any kind of difficulty. On the other hand, some of the internet marketing strategies which BP Global can utilize in order to target potential customers may include: E- Mail marketing: BP can stay in touch with its customers through e- mails as customers can mail the company during their requirement of oil or gas so that services can be provided to them on time (Weaver, 2013). Social media marketing: This is one of the best platforms as it helps an organization to maintain healthy relationship between itself and its audience. This makes the users to trust an organization and this platform has the ability to represent BP as an honest and transparent company among its customers. For instance, with the help of Twitter, oil and gas professions can easily track industry conversations and remain on top of market trends with the effective use of hash tags. SEO (Search Engine Optimisation): Search engine optimization is one of the most cost effective ways to attract large number of customers towards the services of a company. it is evident that unpaid search engines usually get up to 70% of users clicks. Hence, BP Global can enhance its market share by updating the content regularly and popularizing the site with some relevant industry information. This would attract maximum number of users in order to use the services of company (Weaver, 2013). Digital Presence: it is also very fruitful to ensure the effective marketing strategy of BP Global as company can provide regular information to its customers with the help of this perfect platform. Also, company can inform about its regular and changing policies with the help of digital marketing (Bowen, 2014). Powerful Animation: A project description through an effective video or a fly- through video is an excellent example of how companies in the oil and gas industry such as BP Global can provide its consumers a deeper knowledge and understanding of their work. Use of Eight Elements of the Business Model as a Promotional Strategy to Reinforce BP Brand within the Oil and Gas Industry Value Proposition: This element of the business model is concerned with defining how the products or services of BP Global will fulfil the needs of customers. In order to use it as a promotional strategy, it is essential that BP Global should consider that merely concentrating and elucidating about the unique features of its products will not be enough to distinguish the brand in the competitive Oil and Gas Industry (Slaughter, Bean and Mittal, 2015). It is requisite that BP Global should emphasize the overall experience of using its products. The company should make it explicit to customers that its every brand has its own heritage and personality and how all the brands represent, exemplify or offer tremendous energy to its customers (Hassan, 2012). Revenue Model: In order to reinforce the brand, BP Global can use sales revenue model, in which products are sold online for the purpose of offering convenience to customers. The company can initially offer certain consumer products online to get better attraction of consumers in the oil and gas industry. To earn revenues from this mode, it is required that the company keep the prices of its products more competitive. Market Opportunity: The recent oil and gas market is ruled by international economic turmoil, aggressive competition, and mind-numbing price changes due to which to tap market opportunities, it is essential for BP Global to be in altering its business models. The OG landscape is prominently reshaped by a powerful emerging trend, i.e. the horror of climate change and a potent effort to trim down CO2 emissions as well as to reduce fossil fuels (Pwc, 2016). Therefore, to be a leading brand, BP has to take consequential steps for a sustainable business and operate successfully in a highly carbon-constrained world. In this regard, BP should reassess its business strategy so that the company can be refocused towards a sustainable environment. Competitive Environment: The competitive environment of BP Global is highly intense because of the presence of strong competitors like, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Chevron Corporation. These competitors have equally large business operations like BP. The revenue of Exxon in 2014 was $364.8 billion, while Shells was $419.4 billion and BPs was $353.57 billion (Agnihotri, 2015). This implies that these firms are largely profitable and thus, provide cutthroat competition to BP Global. Therefore, for reinforcing its brand, BP has to market its products in a unique and distinctive manner, the company has to adopt internet marketing mediums and it should price its products more competitively to be the leading oil and gas company. Competitive Advantage: BP Global can win over its competitors by introducing a superior product at lower price than its competitors. Most of the companies which are involved in oil and gas industry are focused on developing policies to utilise digital technologies and data analytics in order to transform the whole industry. BP can take the first mover advantage by updating the information and data of company digitally on a regular basis (Hana, 2013). Market Strategy: the foremost aim of any oil and gas company is to stay reliable and safe all the time and BP Global also runs on the same principle to keep all its operations safe and reliable. In context to this, the company can work to ensure competitive project execution with the main aim to deliver projects efficiently and safely (Ferrell and Hartline, 2013). Organizational Development: BP global mainly aims to work safely and maintaining a balance between capital discipline and quality execution in order to deliver value to its customers. Also, it makes sure to please its employees and satisfy them with fringes, work environment and other benefits. The organisational structure of BP Global is very strong and work effectively as it deals in trade natural gas, liquefied natural gas power and other natural gas liquids which needs complete supervision to avoid further risks Management Team: The management team of BP Global is really efficient in which Bob Dudley is the main Group Chief Executive and he has been working here since the year 2009 and he became the group chief executive in the year 2010. On the other hand, Dr Brian Gilvary is the Chief Financial Officer of company who fulfils his responsibilities perfectly. He has been working for the company since the year 1986. This shows that the management team of BP is very effective and works well for the welfare of company. Conclusion To conclude it has been mentioned that the above report has suggested effective internet marketing strategies and use of internet market segmentation for BP Global. It has been discussed that the company can use e- mail marketing, social media marketing, SEO, powerful animation, etc. for targeting potential customers. The discussion in the report has also elucidated the use of eight elements of the business model for strengthening the BP Global brand in its sector. References Agnihotri, G. 2015. A Closer Look At The Worlds 5 Biggest Oil Companies. [Online]. Available at: https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/A-Closer-Look-At-The-Worlds-5-Biggest-Oil-Companies.html [Accessed on: 29 July 2016]. Bowen, G. 2014. Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global. Charlesworth, A. 2014. Digital Marketing: A Practical Approach. Routledge. Ferrell, O. C. and Hartline, M. 2013. Marketing Strategy, Text and Cases. Cengage Learning. Hana, U. 2013. Competitive Advantage Achievement through Innovation and Knowledge. Journal of Competitiveness. 5 (1), pp. 82-96. Hassan, A. 2012. The Value Proposition Concept in Marketing: How Customers Perceive the Value Delivered by Firms A Study of Customer Perspectives on Supermarkets in Southampton in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4 (3), pp. 68-87. Pwc. 2016. Oil and Gas Trends. [Online]. Available at: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/perspectives/2016-oil-and-gas-trends [Accessed on: 29 July 2016]. Robinson, M. 2014. Marketing Big Oil: Brand Lessons from the Worlds Largest Companies. Springer. Slaughter, A., Bean, G. and Mittal, A. 2015. Connected barrels: Transforming oil and gas strategies with the Internet of Things. [Online]. Available at: https://dupress.com/articles/internet-of-things-iot-in-oil-and-gas-industry/ [Accessed on: 29 July 2016]. Weaver, J. 2013. Manager's Guide to Online Marketing. McGraw Hill Professional.

Football Outline free essay sample

A. Harvard University created football and Walter Camp is considered the father of modern football. 1. Harvard created based off rugby because many schools wouldn’t allow students to engage in aggressive physical contact. 2. Walter Camp adjusted the game by changing the rules and set forth the beginning of the football we know now a. The teams now consisted of eleven players, and is played on a smaller field b. He also implemented the rule that offense has only three downs to gain five yards otherwise they surrender the ball, this changed in 1906 by adding 5 more yards and in 1912 a fourth down was added B. In 1892 the first professional game of football is played 1. Latrobe YMCA played against Jeannette Athletic Club A. William Heffelinger was the first professional player, he was paid $500 b. Football got a reputation as a high injury and high mortality sport II. From the 1950’s football has been became the most popular sport in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Football Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S A. In the 1950 professional football has become a major sport in the U. S 1. T. V made football become a major sport in American lives 2. Sports figures like Paul Hornung, Johnny Unitas, and Bobby Lane made people cheer for another city teams B. The 1960’s became the start of the most popular sport in America 1. In 1967 the Super Bowl was created by both the AFL and NFL to prove who is the true champion is. 2. In 1970 the AFL and NFL merged together after the AFL couldn’t attract enough viewers to compete with the NFL 3. From there on the NFL just became more popular with teams like the Steelers, the 49ers and the cowboys winning the super bowls and creating a major fan each team C. Football has become America’s past time 1. Football for many fans has become more than just a game it’s become there life. a. Fans have wasted life savings to go watch their team play in the super bowl b. Fans have dressed up in their teams mascot to show their team spirit and show how they feel many people call them hooligans my opinion they just love their team. Conclusion I. Football has been the dominate sport of the U. S since the 1950’s and it was all started from a simple game in college. II.

Definition and Examples of False Friends in Language

Definition and Examples of False Friends in Language In  linguistics, the informal term  false friends refers to  pairs of words in two languages (or in two dialects of the same language) that look and/or sound the same but have different meanings. Also known as false (or deceptive) cognates. The term false friends (in French, faux amis) was coined by Maxime Koessler and Jules Derocquigny in Les faux amis, ou, les trahisons du vocabulaire anglais (False Friends, or, the Treacheries of English Vocabulary), 1928. Examples and Observations Youd think you can figure out the meanings if you come across the words embarazada, tasten, and stanza in Spanish, German, and Italian respectively. But watch out! They actually mean pregnant, to touch or feel, and room in the respective languages.(Anu Garg, Another Word a Day. Wiley, 2005)At the simplest level there can be trivial confusion between everyday words such as French carte (card, menu, etc.) and English cart or German aktuell (at present) and English actual. But more problematic conflicts of meaning arise with trade names. Americas General Motors had to find a new name for their Vauxhall Nova car in Spain when it was discovered that no va in Spanish means doesnt go.(Ned Halley, Dictionary of Modern English Grammar. Wordsworth, 2005)An example of a  false cognate  is the English  jubilation  and the Spanish  jubilacià ³n. The English word means happiness, while the Spanish one means retirement, pension (money).(Christine A. Hult and Thomas N. Huckin,  The New Century Handbook. Allyn and Bacon, 1999) Interference: Four Types of False Friends Interference is the phenomenon that we experience when linguistic structures that we have already learnt interfere with our learning new structures. Interference exists in all areas- for example, in pronunciation and spelling. Incidentally, interference exists not only between two languages, but also within one language. In semantics, one therefore refers to intralingual and interlingual false friends. Since a word may change its meaning in the course of time, this problem cannot be viewed only in the light of the current (i.e., synchronic) situation. Because the historical (i.e., diachronic) development must also be taken into consideration, there are altogether four types of false friends.(Christoph Gutknecht, Translation. The Handbook of Linguistics, ed. by Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller. Blackwell, 2003) French, English, and Spanish:  Faux Amis [I]n order to illustrate how deceitful false friends may become, the best we can do is to resort to the term false friends itself . . . As I have just pointed out,  false friends is a calque from the French term faux amis, although this translation is at least unsuitable, despite being lexicalised now. And the reason is that treacherous, disloyal or unfaithful friends are not usually called false friends and falsos amigos, but bad friends and malos amigos in English and Spanish, respectively.Yet, the term false friends is the most widely spread in the literature on this linguistic phenomenon . . .(Pedro J. Chamizo-Domà ­nguez, Semantics and Pragmatics of False Friends. Routledge, 2008) Old English and Modern English The vocabulary of Old English presents a mixed picture, to those encountering it for the first time. . . Particular care must be taken with words which look familiar, but whose meaning is different in Modern English. An Anglo-Saxon wif was any woman, married or not. A ​fugol fowl was any bird, not just a farmyard one. Sona (soon) meant immediately, not in a little while; won (wan) meant dark, not pale; and faest (fast) meant firm, fixed, not rapidly. These are false friends, when translating out of Old English.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)

World Cup Airports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

World Cup Airports - Essay Example Causes for this lopsided preference and the remedial steps to be taken need to receive attention. The next major issue is that of Aviation safety. Air Traffic Controllers constantly worry about the inadequacy of the equipment at their disposal for detecting incoming Aircraft, process their requests for landing in the most suitable manner and thus ensure the safety of the passengers. This brief paper looks at the efforts of the authorities in addressing both these concerns. There are many more issues, but owing to paucity of time and space, only these two are addressed here. The advances made in determining traffic volume that can be reallocated to other hubs, development of infrastructure to facilitate such change and the option of PPP model for this are examined here. The recent advances in ATC equipment and their expected impact on the Civil Aviation scene are discussed detail too. The turn of the Millennium is an appropriate time to think ahead, of the future, drawing on past experiences and current realities. No one can predict for sure the trends and forces that might emerge in the future. It for sure can be said that the rate of growth of aviation industry will be radically changed. That will be an awesome pace, considering the fact that the industry, one of the youngest of all, is barely a century old. Any consideration of the type of Aircraft of the future will ipso facto involve the consideration of the issues that that will be faced by Airports that will handle those craft, (Fife, 1998). The present paper attempts to examine the current issues that the aviation sector has identified in the areas of design and construction of airports. It is obvious that Airports considering the trends, the Airports will need to incorporate flexibility to adapt to rapid changes in technology and politico-economic factors which impact each other and the Airports’ functions. Invariably, every list of issues faced by Airports has Capacity and Delay as the

Careers Service In The New Quasi-Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Careers Service In The New Quasi-Market - Essay Example Within this context, the growth of the new Connexions Service is seriously examined. It is argued that it contains basic design flaws, from which a number of troubles have stemmed. It is concluded that while career direction has an imperative involvement to make in strategies to address communal exclusion, this ought to be secondary to its role in supporting individual sequence and growth inside the societal structures to which addition is being sought (Watts, A.G. 1981, 24-35). This study highlights the models of career management practice for adolescent people in the UK have been built on a partnership among, on the one hand, stipulation made within schools and colleges, and on the other, the exterior role provided by the Careers Service, now the Connexions Service. Lots of countries have had only one of these forms of stipulation. We have had the merits of both, by the characteristic advantages that every of them brings. Furthermore, this study challenge in the UK is to build on this model, to expand a authentically all-age career management service. This is not going backwards: it is driving towards a up-to-the-minute future, building on all that we have achieved. No doubt, In Scotland and Wales, this is what they are doing. In England, we were perched to do so too. In the OECD Career management policy assessment, the UK emerged as one of the world-leaders. But in England, we are at danger of conceding this position by throwing away one of the interior strengths of our system. And we are doing it so not by plan, but by default (Roberts, K. 1971). The enterprise model is still in process. But it has been considerably eroded. Now, with the long-delayed publication of the adolescence Matters Green Paper and the End to End Review of Careers learning and management, it is gravely at risk. From a career guidance viewpoint, the key features of the Green Paper are eight-fold: - Career management is subsumed inside a general concept of 'information, suggestion and direction' (IAG), which covers choices relating not only to learning and work but also to spare time, health, dealings, smoking, alcohol and drugs. - A clear difference is drawn among 'universal IAG' and 'targeted support'. - The main liability for 'universal IAG' is allocated, via local authorities, to schools and colleges, in teamwork through children's trusts. - There is support for schools and colleges to agree limited arrangements on a joint basis; but they will reserve the right to make their own preparations, subject to meeting excellence standards (Andrews, D. 2000). - Moreover, schools/colleges and children's trusts can, if they wish, pay money for in services from Connexions or further providers. - Connexions are efficiently to vanish as a national service, although a few local services will remain, and local authorities are confident to hold the Connexions brand. - Consideration is to be specified to new arrangements for

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 22

Assignment Example Between early1900s and 1960s was characterized with core improvement in relation to domestic violence against women in the societies of the US. Major rights were awarded to women across the different states of the US. Feminist movements were formed to fight for gender equality and acts of male chauvinism. Women could charge their husbands for assault in a court of law. Domestic violence cases are commonly presented in courts across the country. It is also during this period that cases that regarded to domestic violence were transferred from the criminal court to civil court. In the civil courts, only the civil procedures could apply. This meant that men who assaulted their wives or girlfriend was not considered as criminal In the 1800s, most states in the United States had laws that somewhat favored domestic violence against the women. Although most of federal laws in different states in the US stated to have had protected the women in the society against domestic violence, most of these laws tolerated men who beat their wife as they would be charged for such act. It was not considered a major offense for the men in the societies of the 1800s in the US, since women were generally considered inferior. Between 1900s and 1960s was characterized with major improvement in relation to domestic violence against women in the societies of the US. More rights were awarded to women across the different states of the US. Feminist movements were formed to fight for gender equality and acts of male chauvinism. Women could charge their husbands for assault in a court of law. Domestic violence cases are commonly presented in courts across the country. It is also during this period that cases that regarded to domestic violence were transferred from the criminal court to civil court. In the civil courts, only the civil procedures could apply. This meant that husbands or men who assaulted their wives or girlfriend was

Literacy As Social Practice To Aid In Teaching Education Essay

Literacy As Social Practice To Aid In Teaching Education Essay The world has changed profoundly over the last two decades, and many of our longstanding notions about literacy need to be challenged. As a result, the definition of literacy is neither a singular or universal one, and it is often defined in contradictory ways. It is recognised that the teaching and learning of literacy is a major responsibility of the schools. While some children have some knowledge of literacy acquired before formal schooling, all will need the opportunities for learning to read and write that school provides. The term literacy has often been associated with the reading and writing stage of learning and it is no surprise that the way the community views how literacy is learned in schools can take vastly different viewpoints. It is important to note that the way in which it is defined will shape the kinds of policies and approaches to teaching and learning that are adopted by the field of education. Olsons definition focuses on literacy as a cognitive model, which is needed for work, education and social interaction. This view prevails that literacy is a simple, learned cognitive skill that one learns to read and write just as one learns to kick a ball, ride a bicycle or make a cake. It is clearly perceived, once the skill has been mastered. Street (1985) refers this view of literacy as the autonomous literacy where those who master this skill can use it to advantage of influence and prestige. In contrast, Street contemplates that literacy should have a more social focus, such as the assumption of it contributing knowledge according to social-cultural contexts. He defines this alternative notion as ideological literacy which refers to the social conceptions and uses of literacy. This viewpoint suggests that literacy is an aspect of defining framework of society. Street (1997) extents this notion by arguing that literacy not only varies with social context and with cultural norms and discourses, but that its uses and meanings are embedded in relations of power. This suggests that literacy is what society achieves, and society is, to some extent, what literacy contributes to it. Furthermore, another view of literacy is that of critical literacy that is informed by the work of Paulo Freire (1972), who conceptualizes literacy not as reading the word but as reading the world. This advocates the emphasis of the empowering role that literacy can and should play in reshaping the way in which one lives and works. Wallace (2001) explains that the empowering potential of literacy is articulated in difference ways to encourage new literates to use literacy as a means for educational change and for the literate person to reflect on what is wrong in their world and use the enabling power of literacy to change that world. Furthermore, Wallace views this potential as a means to reshape approaches to English language teaching, not just for first language learners, but for the majority of users of English who are second language English speakers. She proposes that the variety of labels given to English in its worldwide role be replaced by what she calls literate English, one with which it is not a reduced or simplified model of English which restricts communication to basic patterns of interaction, but a global English that should be elaborated to serve global needs. Luke and Carrington (2002) discuss this further with the notion of literacy as cultural capital by suggesting how to construct a literacy education that addresses new economic and cultural formations providing our students with the ability to think critically and globally in a world that, increasingly, will require a politically and socially active citizen (NOTE, 2007). Models of Literacy In the minds of many in the community, an important function of schooling is that it teaches literacy with the teaching of literacy this is often held to be the most important thing that schooling provides. As a result, literacy remains high on the educational and political agenda at national and international levels and continues to be contested and debated. There appears to be three main models of literary which have implications for policy-making, teaching and learning; autonomous, social and critical literacy. The first is the cognitive or autonomous model, which has dominated educational policy for the last two decades especially in the UK with the introduction of the National Curriculum which then was preceded by the National Literacy Strategy (NLS) in the late 90s. Both of which attempted to transform literacy teaching in the primary and secondary school. Goodwyn and Findlay (2003) are encouraged by the aim of the NLS to demystify subject teaching and to involve all subject specialist in helping pupils become literate within each subject. However, the emphasis on the autonomous literacy model is a failure to acknowledge the ever changing nature of literacy. This skills-based view of a universal or aptitude represents the meaning of literacy in terms of limited mental operations. Therefore, if we view literacy teaching and learning as a matter of mastering certain important, but essentially basic technical skills in control of such things as the spelling and writing system, and perhaps h ow to shape simple written sentences. Literacy becomes a relatively simple and unproblematic matter, learned in the early years and then used and reused in whatever ways appear appropriate. According to Street (1995), such traditional definitions of literacy are based an autonomous model, autonomous because it is extracted from its social, cultural, and historical context. When treated as a technical skill or mental operation independent of social context, literacy is associated with consequences that have no relation to the social situations in which it is embedded. In addition, Street (1995) explains, it gives limited attention to social structures within which the concepts and specific cultures are forms. Therefore, in an autonomous model, literacy is separated from its social context and considered an independent variable making it possible to associate literacy with symbolic elements such as progress, social mobility and economic stability (Gee, 1996). In our society, the benef its for being literate has taken on mythic qualities as Street suggests this literacy myth raises false expectations for those who do become literate in comparison to the illiterate who are branded as too lazy or, even worse unable to learn. This situation enables government to shift focus away from social problems onto individual shortcoming (Street, 1996) The second model of literacy is one that avoids the pitfalls of the literacy myth by capturing the complexity of literacy practices in the social contexts that make them meaningful. Street (1996) calls this an ideological model of literary, which concentrates on the social practices of reading and writing and the ideological and culturally embedded nature of these practices. In addition, the ideological model maintains a wariness of claims for literacy and distinguishes between these claims and the actual significance of literacy for the people involved. Literacy in the ideological model looks beyond a technical definition of literacy to consider literacy practices. Rather than limiting literacy to events that involve reading and writing, Street broadens the scope to literacy practices which take into account the behaviour and the social and cultural conceptualizations that give meaning to the uses of reading and writing. This concept of literacy practices gets us away from the liter acy myth by re-inserting social and cultural context and arguing that whatever benefits come from literacy also come from the contexts in which it is embedded. The third model critical literacy is one that as Wallace (2001) explains is powerful to the extent that it offers a vantage point from which to survey other literacies. Like the ideological model, critical literacy is understood as social action through language use that develops us as agents inside a larger culture. However, it takes us beyond this in providing an active, challenging approach to reading and textual practice by the analysis and critique of the relationship among texts, language, power, social groups and social practice. It shows us ways of looking at written, visual, spoken, multimedia and performance texts to question and challenge the attitudes, values and beliefs that lie beneath the surface. It has been suggested that critical literacy links with our modern lifestyles of a rapidly changing globalised world. Changing societal structures, increasing social and cultural diversity and the marketing of ideas and products through multimedia mean that we need to think a bout literacy for lifelong learning in new ways. The way that information is received today hadnt been invented twenty years ago. The world is becoming increasingly accessible because of instantaneous communications; the corpus of print literature is expanding almost exponentially because of the number of works either being written in English not just by authors from United States or the British Commonwealth but by major authors outside these regions. The consequence is that the technology is not only bringing global English (Wallace, 2004) into daily contact, the nature of digital communication is aiding in the demise of a standard English.   Instant messaging, text messaging, and other technological forms of communication are creating new writing practices that often undermine traditional, standard English for the sake of faster, more effective communication. English is becoming more complex than ever, and our students will need to be flexible and efficient users of a vast array of discourses that isolated, drill-oriented grammar lessons simply will not teach. We need to be able to make meaning from the array of multimedia, complex visual imagery, music and sound, even virtual worlds that confront us each day in addition to written and spoken words. Changes in society are occurring so rapidly that we need to take time to think about whether they will have positive or negative effects upon our ways of living. Conclusion Lonsdale et al (2004) imply that the meaning of literacy has changed over time from an elementary decoding of words to a range of more complex and diverse skills and understandings. There is a need for these changes to be understood, against a background of economic, social, political and cultural. Literacy as a social practice should be considered in context, rather than the convention of literacy as an individual, cognitive skill. The new skills are premised on the idea that much higher order skills such as critical thinking are now needed by all students. Goodwyn et al (2003) suggest that students once needed literacy to be told what to do; now they need it to know what to do without being told. Street (1985) implies that Ideological literacy requires that we view literacy as much more than the ability to decipher or encode messages on paper. We have to view literacy in the dynamic contexts of politics, social change, development, education, religion, philosophy, confrontation, and even war. Practitioners of critical literacy have forcefully made the point that literacy is a mechanism of political control as well as a tool for liberation. These views of literacy are not mutually exclusive. Rather, they represent points on a continuum between action and system. At one extreme, autonomous literacy is viewed as something isolated from everything else, as a personal skill or characteristic. At the other extreme, it is seen almost as a primal element in the construction of reality. (SIL, 1999) The teaching of critical thinking plays a central role in the teaching of critical literacy. As the world becomes more complex, increasingly flattened, and, one might argue, ever more interesting and challenging, our students must be prepared to enter it as competent, thoughtful, and agentive readers and communicators. In order to prepare them effectively, we as literacy educators must make changes to literacy curricula that traditionally view knowledge making and communication as straightforward, text-based, and individualized, a perspective that was only appropriate before the recent explosion in communicative technologies and resulting economic, social, and cultural realities. To prepare students who can be active and effective world citizens able to make thoughtful decisions and solve global problems, we must first help them to be critical, meta-aware thinkers and communicators. (NOTE, 2007) A consequence of these views of literacy has been that specialists in the field have become more aware that literacy, in both theory and practice, is more than a simple technical skill. Literacy, by itself, does not lead to health, wealth, happiness, and national development. Literacy is but one element in the development process. The other elements must be included if developmental aspirations are to be attained. (SIL, 1999) Word count: 2063

Free Catcher in the Rye Essays - Holden Runs, be He Cannot Hide :: Catcher Rye Essays

Catcher in the Rye - Holden Runs, be He Cannot Hide While reading Catcher in the Rye, one can easily see that Holden has a certain romantic view about his world. Holden thinks in a particular romantic way about almost everyone and everything. This unusual view upon the world actually hinders Holden rather then helps him throughout the story. By his own actions Holden is harming himself, not necessarily physically. Holden has an idealized view of the world, is introspective, and he celebrates the freedom of his spirit. Holden has a romantic view because he has an idealized outlook of the world. One example is when Holden lies. He knows that this is a vile trait, yet he keeps on doing it. This is a part of Holden's character yet, deep in his heart he loves lying to people. For example, when he was on the train with Mrs. Morrow, he goes way off on a wild story and has difficulty keeping with reality. ` "Rudolf Schmidt," I told her. I didn't feel like giving her my whole life history. Rudolf Schmidt was the name of the janitor of our dorm' (Salinger 54). In the future, this will hinder him because lying can catch you from behind when one least expects it. The way he thinks about people is another part of Holden's idealized view that gets in his way. Most of the time Holden is talking about how everyone is a pretender. This is a bad habit because Holden is pretty much judging the people without even actually having met them most of the time. `Old buddyroos. It was nauseating. The funny part was, they probably met each other once, at some phony party' (Salinger 127). This hinders him a lot because many of the people in this book seem like normal people yet, in Holden's eyes, they seem like the worst of the worst. Many of these people might actually have helped him. Especially in the case of Luce, Holden acted like a baby and this hurt him a lot. The last thing that Holden does, due to his idealized view of the world is quite strange. Holden at some random points in the book, just thinks of a crazy idea.

Differences Between the Early English Settlers and Native Americans Essay

The indigenous people of North America and Europe are both very different cultures with very different beliefs and ideas. As the Europeans began to colonize North America, these differences between these cultures really impacted the events of this time. The most important difference is the ideas on land use and ownership. Other important differences include religion and the ideas of gender roles. The biggest difference between of the Native Americans and the European immigrants is the issue of land use and ownership. Native Americans believed that land was sacred, and that nature needed to be cared for. They also did not value land ownership, all of the tribes land and belongings were shared. The idea of ownership here was not commonly used. On the other end of the spectrum, the Europeans had beliefs very different from the Native Americans. One of the main reasons the Europeans came to the New World in the first place was to become wealthy! To the Europeans at the time, land ownership meant freedom, wealth and a higher social status. Land was passed down from generation to generation. Because of this, the Europeans and the Native Americans ideology on land use and ownership created quite a culture clash that we still see remnants of today. Another difference between the Native American culture and the Europeans was the religion of these two cultures. Europeans were predominantly Christian, while the natives believed in numerous spirits and Gods. The indigenous people in North America had separate spirits for corn, the sun and things of that nature. While Christians are monotheists. The Europeans thought that the natives were savages for worshipping wooden figurines and carvings. The Europeans tried to convert as many natives as possible, especially the Spanish. Because of these differences in religion, the Europeans and the Native Americans had a difficult time really seeing eye to eye. The third difference between the in indigenous people of North America and the Europeans is the matter of gender roles. The native women in these tribes held high positions, many making important decisions for the tribe. The family tree would also follow the females side, as opposed to the family line following the males in the European cultures. To the Europeans, females gave birth and did chores in the home. They were not nearly as powerful as some women in native tribes. When the Europeans noticed how strong the women were along with the men, they fought the natives into submission. In conclusion, it is plain to see that there are so many differences between the Native American culture and that of the Europeans. A few examples of differences is the ideas on land use and ownership, religion and gender roles. The most impactful difference was the ideas each culture had on land use and ownership. These differences were very influential on the events that occurred during this time, and we still see some of these differences impact us today.

Printable PDFs for Learning R-Controlled Vowel Words

Printable PDFs for Learning R-Controlled Vowel Words The vowels that are controlled by r are often difficult for children to learn. All too often, learners are taught the long and short vowels and the learner then has no idea what to call words like: cord, far, bird, taller, dirt. Reading or basal texts will often offer individual lessons rather than systematic instruction in using the r controlled vowels.  Word building activities will help support students to recognize word patterns, such as changing the first letter or letters in the r controlled vowels, i.e. change car to far and far to jar, etc. by listening for the initial sound. This is why we need to focus on the 44 sounds in spelling instead of just the consonant sounds and long and short vowel sounds, which is what teaching spelling is really all about. Here is a sample of great word study words to use to help learners learn the patterns and anomalies of some of the R-controlled vowels.   Activities to Build Decoding Skills With R-Controlled Vowels Word Building:  Using individual letter cards and small personal pocket charts, have students build r controlled words from the list below, modeling the first word and then dictating the next words, for examples: more, store, pore, chore - bark, park, lark, stark, etc.   Word Sorting:  This is an especially good activity for r controlled sounds that can be made in different ways, such as the or in oar, store, floor, door, etc. Silly Poems:  Give students a set of r controlled words and have them write silly rhyming poems, such as:  heart, smart, chart, part, start. Jim made a picture of a heart And put it on the classroom chart. Oh please, dont let me start . . . Jim thinks hes just so blessed smart! Word Cards for the Word Wall You can print the word cards below and have the students physically sort the words by putting Velcro or magnets on the back of words to sort. You could also use word families that are already prepared, which involve cutting out the words and pasting them into the correct column. Do the word sorts in small groups, or make it an activity in a reading center that two or three children can complete together.   The sound of ar as in car: arebarcarfarjarscardarkmarklarkparkjarsharkstarkremark The sound of air as in stare, care, fair: barecaredareglarefairsharetearpearsquarestaresharebewareprepare The sound of or as in pork, board, award: corkforkporkstorkborncornformhorntornforfourawardboredboardcordfordlordswordwardadoredtoward The sound of ir as in bird, heard, skirt: birdwordherdheardpreferredheardthirdoccurreddirtblurtshirtsquirtskirtconcertdesertdessertalert The sound of r as in fatter, taller, longer: butterbetterhammershutterspidermotherfathereasterearlierflowerpowerolderyoungerslowerfasterlongershorterbiggertaller

Antisocialism and J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Example

Antisocialism and J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Example Antisocialism and J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Antisocialism and J. Alfred Prufrock Essay Essay Topic: The Love Song Of J alfred Prufrock Men are well-known for their strength in confronting many different situations during their lifetime; however, men have feeling and sensations that might affect their life in a way or another. People are developing through time, but the main biological traits remain similar and will remain similar in future. As a conscious man Thomas Stearns Eliot, born on  September 26, 1888, is one of the twentieth centurys major poets who wrote â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.† It is a modernist poem that describes the poet unhappy life full of fear and boredom. The main character â€Å"Prufrock† is a person who understands values in life, but is unable to take decisive actions in the right time. A man who is overeducated, eloquent, and intelligent, but has fear of mental crisis upon the urban modern civilization. Many postmodern men -Twenty-First Century men- tend to be like a â€Å"Prufrock man† of the Twentieth Century as they suffer from depression, lack of com munication, and fear of aging or death. Anxiety and depression are considered a dominant negative factors that control most men’s life in the twenty first century. Unfortunately, postmodernism acts as a catalyst in spreading depression among people. According to a study conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), back in 2000 mixed anxiety and depression affected an estimated 7 per cent of men, with depression affecting a further 2 per cent. Harsh living conditions and the great responsibility on men made depression even worse in the new complicated world. For example, men has to take care of their business, home duties, and keep up with the sophisticated life. â€Å"The dangerous mix of  technology and terrorism, the ongoing  poverty  and suffering of billions of our fellow humans, and the seeming inability of governments to respond to these significant issues and others, people find themselves losing faith in our collective future.†(Cohen Andrew).The Prufrock characte

Habituation in sow bugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Habituation in sow bugs - Essay Example Because they are generally harmless to humans, sow bugs could be kept in plastic containers that are sealed with a ventilated lid. Use damp soil and decaying organic materials like wood, leaves, compost, etc. Put in an adequate amount of water to keep the habitat humid. Place paper towel in the container to aid in maintaining the humidity. If molds should appear, increase the ventilation or reduce the quantity of water use to make the habitat humid and cool. Keep the container in a dimly lit area of a room which has a temperature of 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit. If a large number of sow bugs are to be kept in a single container it is best to change the soil from time to time to keep them in a healthy condition (Carolina Teamed with Teachers, 1-2). Caring includes feeding these terrestrials with fish food flakes, leaf litter, pieces of potatoes, apples or carrots. Aside from these foods, they also feed on their feces in order to extract extra nutrients and to regain precious copper, si nce copper based pigments are needed to carry oxygen in their blood (Gadsby, 4), while the bacteria present in their intestine helps in the digestion of any ingested cellulose (Woodland Dunes Nature Center, 1-2). In order to protect their environment while encased in ventilated containers, immediately remove food that becomes moldy. Sow bugs are preyed on by bigger and many insects such as spiders, centipedes, and ground beetles . These bugs could emit a foul tasting or foul smelling substance to ward off would be predators (Kentucky Critter Files, 2). Although when in danger, sow bugs either run or remain perfectly motionless pretending to be dead (armadillo style) (Carolina Teamed with Teachers, 1-2). In the Spring time and summer time, sow bugs sometimes migrate from their current habitat in large numbers, and would often settle into homes. The migration could be attributed to a combination of

Travel Agency HR Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Travel Agency HR Plan - Research Paper Example As such the key concerns for every human resources department have always been job satisfaction, employee commitment and motivation which are the determinants of the level of performance and job growth. The resources based approach to the role of human resources management proposes that the company has a competitive advantage if it can effectively execute its human resources strategy. As such the human resources strategy serves certain functions including creating competitive advantage. The focus of the firm’s competitive edge is the potential for effective and efficient execution of the production process. This is mainly associated with the firm’s workforce and how the workforce responds to the firm’s objectives and goals. People management The organisation’s human resources strategy ensures that the employees remain objective to the firm’s overall goals and objectives. Each employee has their own personal goals and objectives which are either simi lar or different from those of the organisation. The human resources strategy ensures that the employee aims and objectives are incorporated in the mission and objectives of the organisation. Job growth. ... This acts as a motivation mechanism for the employees by driving their efforts towards a particular achievable and well laid out objective. 2. Challenges in the implementation Change management in the organisation has always presented serious concerns to the human resources department. The implementation of the human resources strategy will therefore be confronted by the resistance to change among the employees who are not as willing to adjust to the new strategy. Further the new human resources strategy will require the managers to change their systems of administration and instruction to allow for the adoption and effective implementation of the new strategy. The new strategy also requires a particular skill set that acts as the basis for the allocation of duties and responsibilities. As such not many employees bear these skills. This causes the projections of the strategy to deviate from the practically possible results. The recruitment of the new employees will also create new tr aining costs to ensure that the employees maintain a strict standard of responsibility to the strategy. Finally the production line of the travel agency has an industry best practice standard which is commonly used among the travel agencies. Any deviation from the common standards creates doubts of actual effectiveness. 3. The purpose of HR metrics and their effect on senior management Human resources metrics are the series of factors and circumstances that allow the organisation to quantify the participation of the human resources as resources to the business. The effective implementation of corporate strategy depends on the ability to effectively manage the organisation (Lawler, Levenson, and Boudreau 2004). The

Effect of Videogames on health and socially Essay

Effect of Videogames on health and socially - Essay Example In any case, it is impossible to isolate videogames completely from human life in this era of advanced science and technology. This paper analyses how videogames affect the human health and the society. According to Anderson (2003), videogames are an excellent tool for teachers to stimulate learning among the students. At the same time, violent video games have the potential to cause immense social problems. Videogames are a double edged sword. Teachers can teach difficult lessons with the help of videogames so that the students get more insights about difficult topics. For example, while teaching subjects such as physics and chemistry, teachers can make use of videogames. Imagine a case in which a teacher is teaching missile technology in a physics class. There are plenty of videogames available in the market in which fight using missiles or guns is the major theme. Such videogames can be used effectively by a teacher to teach the topics related to the operations of a missile. In short, videogames have the potential to cultivate positive effects in a society since it has the ability to stimulate or enhance the learning process. Kim et al (2010) pointed that â€Å"excessive playing of video games may result in impaired academic performance. Videogames have the ability to cultivate a kind of addiction among teenagers. Majority of the videogames are organized in such a way that each player should cross many difficult levels before reaching the target. When a teenager fails to overcome a particular difficulty level, he may spend more and more time in front of the computers or mobile phones for solving the puzzles created by the videogames. Thus he may not get enough time to spend for academic studies. Thus his studies can be negatively influenced by the addiction generated towards videogames. Teachers and parents are of the view that children who spent more time for playing videogames may spent little time for doing their home works, assignments or

Salem witch trials Essay Example for Free

Salem witch trials Essay In the commentary, â€Å"Do Video Games Kill†, Karen Sternheimer brings to light an interesting and incredibly controversial subject; are video games to blame for youth gun violence? She maintains that due to many biased opinions; political, religious and advocacy groups, the media have failed to provide ample information to the public resulting in the inability to form an educated opinion, in turn causing a mass hysteria resulting in tougher security guidelines in schools, stricter juvenile laws and far less personal and parental responsibility. An incredibly popular first person shooter video game, Doom, is ripe with gratuitous violence. So much so that it has been blamed for several mass shootings, perpetrated by middle-class, white, young-adult males. The media, politicians, advocacy groups as well as the FBI are steadfast in claiming that the only rational explanation is that of the individuals falling prey to the aggression inciting video game. In short, the violent video game made them do it. One might be reminded of the Salem Witch Trials, where no educated explanation can be derived, those which cannot defend themselves, no matter how far-fetched the reasoning, is the obvious answer. Religious and political dogma has run rampant. The media have created unnecessary fear and moral panic to legitimize their personal agendas under the guise of â€Å"protecting children†. More often than not, alternate explanations are not even taken into consideration. Depression, poverty, ignorance, self deprecation, bullying, violent home life are seldom cited and when cited are not explored in depth. The justice system in nearly every state has revised its juvenile justice laws to increase their penalties in many ways; however, the Supreme Court deemed juvenile executions unconstitutional, which in turn created even more fodder for the paranoid masses.

Performance Study of Multiphase Catalytic Monolith Reactor

Performance Study of Multiphase Catalytic Monolith Reactor Performance study of multiphase catalytic monolith reactor and its comparison with the performance of trickle bed reactor (TBR) Xiaofeng Wang Introduction Multiphase reactors are found in diverse applications such as in manufacture of petroleum-based fuels and products, in production of commodity and specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, in production of materials and in pollution abatement [1]. A key motivation for implementing multiphase reactor technology has largely been driven by the discovery and development of new or improved catalysts for either emerging or existing processes [2]. A wealth of products are produced in multiphase catalytic reactions. Among the multiphase reaction systems, the monolith reactor, slurry bubble column and the trickle bed reactor (TBR) (Figure 1) are being used most extensively. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the pilot scale trickle bed reactor Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the pilot scale monolith reactor [3] In general, monolith reactors refer to reactors that contain catalysts with certain structures or arrangements (Figure 2). According to this definition, there are many different types of monolith reactors, such as honeycomb, foam, and fiber reactors, etc. Usually monolith reactors refer to those containing catalysts with parallel straight channels inside the catalyst block. Monoliths can carry active catalyst in two ways: the surface can have a washcoat of the active catalyst, or the structure can be impregnated with active catalyst. Monolith reactors offer several advantages over traditional random fixed beds or slurry reactors, such as better mass transfer characteristics, higher volumetric productivity for a smaller amount of catalyst, elimination of filtration step and lower pressure drop. In recently years, monoliths as multiphase reactors to replace trickle-bed and slurry reactors have received more and more attention. The honeycomb monolith has been very successful in gas phase reactors, most notably as the structured support for the conversion of pollutants in vehicle exhausts. The potential of monoliths to act as a catalytic support for multiphase reactions has been recognized for over 20 years and much recent work has been done to extend the application of monoliths to liquid and gas–liquid systems [4, 5]. Monoliths offer the benefits of an absence of a need for filtering catalyst from the product, low pressure drop, high geometrical surface area, safer operation and, perhaps most significantly, potentially easy scale-up. However, the latter is crucially dependent upon being able to achieve an even gas–liquid distribution across the channels. Furthermore, maldistribution can lead to a wide residence time distribution across the radial section of mon olith with consequently lower selectivity, ineffective catalyst usage and hot spots in the reactor [5, 6]. Some of the applications that have been proposed or explored include: hydrodesulphurization of oil, liquefied coal, and dibenzothiophene; hydrogenation or dehydrogenation associated with various aromatic compounds; oxidation reactions. Applications of monolith structured packed beds used for distillation and adsorption have also been reported. Now research has been done on monolith reactors in many areas, such as preparation and extruding techniques, applications and performance to various reactions, flow regime and hydrodynamics studies, mass and heat transfer, and modeling and simulation including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation [7-10]. This report will analyze and summarize the performance of catalytic monolith reactor on the different reactions, such as hydrogenation, dehydrogenation [11-18] and oxidation [19-22] reactions, and mostly focus on the studies published in the last 10 years. Advantages Of Monolith Reactors For multiphase reaction applications, different types of conventional reactors have been used in industry. The major ones are the trickle bed reactor (TBR), slurry bubble column reactor and the stirred tank slurry reactor. Each reactor type has its own advantages and shortcomings. A TBR is a convenient reactor compared to slurry bubble column reactor and the stirred tank slurry reactor, although larger particles must be used to guarantee moderate pressure drop. However, on the catalyst surface, where the liquid is either depleted or imperfectly covers the catalyst surface, dry areas are encountered: these substantially reduce the liquid–solid contacting efficiency of the trickle-bed reactor [23]. Besides, local hot spots may develop and cause runaways. Adding to the problem are the low gas–liquid velocities required to avoid excessive pressure drop. This requirement results in high operational costs and low productivity. For the slurry bubble column reactor and stirred tank reactor, the slurry catalysts are very small, which needs the reactors offer very simple reactor geometry, high heat removal, excellent mass transfer characteristics, and a high effectiveness factor. Moreover, it is very difficult to separate product and catalyst, and catalyst attrition in these reactors. Another major drawback of conventional reactors for multiphase reactions is the difficulty of scale-up to industrial size units [24]. Monolith reactors, as novel reactors, can overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages with their excellent design. Monolith catalysts or monolith reactors have some common features in most of the applications they are used for. These features or characteristics include: (1) low pressure drop especially under high fluid throughputs; (2) elimination of external mass transfer and internal diffusion limitations; (3) low axial dispersion and backmixing, and therefore high product selectivity; (4) larger external surface; (5) uniform distribution of flow (gas phase); (6) elimination of fouling and plugging, and thus extended catalyst lifetime; (7) easy scale-up, etc [25]. Monolith reactors with these features or characteristics can make up the shortcomings of conventional reactors and can be an attractive alternative to other conventional multiphase reactors. Monolith Reactor Performance And Comparison With TBR Among the various chemical reactions occurring in broad range of industrial application areas, catalytic gas-liquid-solid reactions are widespread [10, 23]. These reactions occur extensively in chemical, petroleum, petrochemical, biochemical, material, and environmental industrial processes for a wide variety of products (such as hydrogenation, oxidation, and alkylation). Recent research has shown that monolithic reactors with a gas–liquid flow in small regular channels with an active component deposited on the walls can lead to performance enhancement in comparison with such conventional multiphase reactors as trickle bed [14, 26-28] and slurry reactors [29-31]. The performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the more intensive contact between all phases and better mass transfer inherent in the slug flow, which is characterized by the passage of elongated gas bubbles being separated by liquid slugs [32]. As a rule, research on monolithic reactors is focused on two different options with regard to practical realization. The first one is the application of monolithic systems as alternative to batch reactors, where a fixed catalyst (instead of a suspended catalyst) is used at superficial velocities needed for maximum conversion [33, 34]. The second one is the utilization of monolithic catalysts in the column type reactors, which usually employ randomly packed catalyst particles [35]. In this section, I select two different kinds of reactions to discuss the performance of a monolith reactor. And the performance is compared with that of a TBR operated at conditions typically employed for TBR. Moreover, I will point out some potential research orientations on the basis of the main problems encountered in recent research. Selective Hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol To Butane-1,4-diol Catalytic, multiphase hydrogenation has been carried out commercially for over a century. A huge variety of reactions are accomplished via this process, using predominantly heterogeneous catalysts. In addition, product values and volumes vary enormously: by several orders of magnitude. Given this diversity it is therefore perhaps somewhat surprising that these reactions are carried out for the most part in just one reactor type: the stirred tank reactor. Furthermore, this type of reactor has been at the core of industry for over a century [36]. There are a number of other well-established alternatives used in the large-scale chemical industries [37] including the TBR, which is used almost exclusively in refinery hydroprocessing and extensively for hydrogenation in petrochemical plants. However, these reactor designs prove difficult to scaleup as key length-scales do not scale in a similar fashion. Monolith reactors, as novel reactors, can overcome the drawbacks with their distinctive design. A comparison between the monolithic reactors with traditional trickle bed reactors was reported by Fishwick et al. for a model reaction in both terms of activity and selectivity [29]. Besides, the scale-out of a single channel to larger monoliths of 1256 and 5026 channels is analyzed, demonstrating the potential for rate and selectivity enhancements whilst allowing ease of scale-out. The selective hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol was studied as the model reaction. This is a consecutive reaction widely applied in the production of butane-1,4-diol, a raw material used in the polymers industry and in the manufacture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) [38]. Several side reactions are possible, as illustrated in Figure 3, for example the 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde and its cyclic hemiacetal, 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, as a consequence of double-bond isomerisation and hydrogenolysis reactions [15]. Figure 3. Reaction scheme for hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol Conclusion The monolith reactor achieved the highest selectivity towards the alkene intermediate in the hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol when compared to trickle bed reactors. Loss of selectivity is for the most part due to the formation of non-hydrogenation side products. The high selectivity observed in the monolith can be partly attributed to the high dispersion of palladium and small palladium particle size on the washcoat support. However, differences in product distribution between single- and two- phase modes of operation suggest that mass transfer of hydrogen to the catalyst surface also influences the selectivity. The reactor design and operating mode can therefore be optimised to achieve maximum selectivity. Additionally, a comparison of a single capillary with 5 and 10 cm monoliths (1256 and 5026 channels, respectively) indicates that initial reaction rates and selectivity are maintained. Reference 1. Dudukovic, M.P., F. Larachi, and P.L. Mills, Multiphase reactors revisited. Chemical Engineering Science, 1999. 54(13-14): p. 1975-1995. 2. DudukoviĆ¡, M.P., F. Larachi, and P.L. 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Enache, D.I., et al., Direct comparison of a trickle bed and a monolith for hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2005. 44(25): p. 9431-9439. 36. Stitt, E., et al., Multiphase hydrogenation reactors—past, present and future. 2003: The Royal Society of Chemistry: London. 37. Mills, P.L. and R.V. Chaudhari, Multiphase catalytic reactor engineering and design for pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Catalysis Today, 1997. 37(4): p. 367-404. 38. Natividad, R., et al., Analysis of the performance of single capillary and multiple capillary (monolith) reactors for the multiphase Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol. Chemical Engineering Science, 2004. 59(22-23): p. 5431-5438.